Phase 1

ID Code of Conduct Research · Phase 1

Digital Identity: Emerging Trends, Debates & Controversies

This phase explores how digital identity systems are expanding globally and what this means for inclusion, surveillance, privacy and citizenship.

Research overview

What this phase explores

This phase of the research focuses on the emerging field of digital identity. It reviews key trends, debates and controversies, exploring how identity systems are expanding globally and what this means for inclusion, surveillance, privacy and citizenship.

In this phase, we:
  • Map global developments in digital identity systems.
  • Interrogate the risks of surveillance and exclusion.
  • Surface the big questions for policymakers and industry.
Findings highlights

What we found

Our analysis shows that while digital identity has the potential to unlock opportunity and prosperity, it can also deepen existing inequalities if badly designed. Exclusion, surveillance risk and lack of transparency are recurring themes across global deployments.

Digital identity holds promise - but also serious risks.

Over 1.1 billion people worldwide still lack legal ID. Digital systems can help close that gap, but without inclusive design they may exclude the very people they are meant to serve. The research highlights the need for safeguards around data use, clear accountability and meaningful ways for people to challenge decisions made about them.

Full Phase 1 report

Digital Identity: Emerging Trends, Debates & Controversies

Dive deeper into the evidence behind our findings, including the key debates shaping digital identity and the implications for inclusive design and policy.

Download now
Sponsor this research

By sponsoring this research, you help build an ID Code of Conduct that ensures digital identity systems are inclusive by design. Your support enables deeper research, broader engagement and practical tools the whole ecosystem can use.

Ready to explore the human cost of identity exclusion?

Explore Phase 2

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